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DOI 10.37219/2528-8253-2024-2-60

Медведєв ВВ

ЗАВИТКА: MULTUM IN PARVO. ЧАСТИНА ДРУГА

Медведєв Володимир Вікторович
Національний медичний університет імені О.О. Богомольця
Професор кафедри нейрохірургії
доктор медичних наук, професор
Email: vavo2010@gmail.com   
Orcid ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7236-3191
Scopus Author ID: 57195130399
ResearcherID: P-7278-2018

Анотація

У статті коротко оглянуто сучасні уявлення про тонотопічні характеристики завитки, периферичні механізми тонально розрізненого сприйняття звуків, про значення електрорухомості зовнішніх волоскових клітин, а також уявлення щодо численних тканинних бар’єрів внутрішнього вуха, популяції нейронів спірального вузла та оливно-завиткових нейронів. Наявні дані переконують у ексцентричній складності улаштування завитки. Незважаючи на існуючі науково-популярні уявлення, механізми тонально точного слухового сприйняття залишаються слабко зрозумілими. На тлі значної поширеності розладів слуху, мізерної кількості рецепторних клітин і нібито тривіальної їх будови – факт повної відсутності тканинної регенерації внутрішнього вуха людини виглядає незрозумілим. Одним із пояснень такого обмеження є надто складне улаштування внутрішнього вуха – настільки тонко взаємоузгоджене, що дискретне, нецілісне відновлення популяції рецепторних клітин, і ще й за відсутності характерних для внутрішньоутробного періоду облігатних просторових мап морфогенів, лише порушуватиме точну організацію рецепторного апарату спірального органу й істотного викривлятиме слухове чуття.

Ключові слова: завитка, спіральний орган, базилярна мембрана, розрізнення тонів, тонотопія, зовнішні волоскові клітини, електрорухомість, нейрони спірального вузла, оливно-завиткові нейрони, рідини і бар’єри внутрішнього вуха.

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