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DOI 10.37219/2528-8253-2024-1-70

Medvediev VV

COCHLEA: MULTUM IN PARVO. PART ONE

Medvediev Volodymyr Victorovych
Bogomolets National Medical University
Professor of the Department of Neurosurgery
Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor
Еmail: vavo2010@gmail.com
Orcid ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7236-3191
Scopus Author ID: 57195130399
ResearcherID: P-7278-2018

COCHLEA: MULTUM IN PARVO. PART ONE

Medvediev VV

Bogomolets National Medical University; е-mail: vavo2010@gmail.com

Abstract

The auditory analyzer is an important tool for communication with the outside world, which, among other things, is directly related to the existence of the human phenomenon in its entirety. The central element of the analyzer is the cochlea, and the available data are convincing in the unexpected complexity of this miniature organ arrangement. Despite the widespread schematic representations, the mechanisms of perception and transmission of acoustic stimuli are still surrounded by hypotheses, the interpretive capacity of which has yet to be established. The main link of perception of acoustic vibrations, i.e. the receptor that transforms them into electro-chemical forms of signaling, are inner hair cells. This article briefly reviews modern ideas about the structure of the human cochlea and the physiology of hair cells. In particular, relevant data on the quantitative and morphometric characteristics of these cells, the structure and function of their molecular mechanoceptive apparatus, the mechanisms of the endocochlear potential formation and the generation of electrochemical excitation of hair cells, as well as the transmission of this excitation to the spiral ganglion neurons by special ribbon synapses have been collected. The given data convince of the exciting complexity of arranging the organ of hearing, and also demonstrate the monumental dimensions of the challenges facing this area of audiology.

Key words: molecular mechanisms of hearing, cochlea, spiral organ, hair cells, mechanoreceptors, endocochlear potential, ribbon synapses.

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